Chemistry 151/152
General Chemistry

Fall 2018 / Spring 2019

Some useful Links
References that may or may not help you in this class if you'd like a different perspective. These sites are for your own reference and are not part of the course material.
(Let me know if you find them helpful for this class, or if you find any others so I can include them.)

General Sites
Web Elements (more than just a periodic table!) : Lots of useful information on each element.
G-Chem Help at Purdue University: various G-Chem topics.
GenChem Textbook from the University of Wisconsin has pretty much all the topics we will cover in this course.
General Chemistry Online by Fred Senese at Frostburg State University has notes, articles, animations, and more.
NIST Chemistry WebBook is useful for searching for small molecules and their properties. Go to Search Options and search by name or chemical formula.
SIRI MSDS Index has safety information on all sorts of chemicals.

Measurements
Powers of 10 animation at Florida State University.

Atomic Structure
Early Greek Philosophy from thebigview.com has short synopses on Thales, Empedocles, Democritus and more. Find out what the Greeks thought about the nature of matter.
Platonic Solids and Plato's Theory of Everything from MathPages is a fun look at the Platonic Solids and how they "formed the basis of everything".
Alchemy in History by Kirk Straughen is a short synopsis on the quest for the philosopher's stone and its connection to the modern theory of matter.
Matter, Atomic Theory and the Periodic Table from Hopkins Community College provides a nice walk-through on the topic.
Atomic Physics 101 contributed by ThinkQuest Team 28582 (and they did a nice job)!
Discovery of the electron from the American Institute of Physics covers J.J. Thomson and his discovery of the electron.
Millikan Oil Drop Experiment at the Worsley School Yearbook.
Free Fall and Air Resistance at the Physics Classroom, Glenbrook High School.
The Rutherford Experiment interactive Java applet at FSU.
Two mass spectrometry animations at Richmond and at DigNubia.
It's Elemental at Jefferson Lab provides information on isotope abundances and more.

Electronic Structure and the Periodic Table
Spectral lines and the Bohr model as explained interactively in Physics2000 at the University of Colorado. The Table of Contents has many other topics that relate to quantum mechanics (e.g. photoelectric effect, wave-particle duality), electromagnetism, the atom, periodic trends, etc.
Photoelectric Effect Animation at Lewison-Porter Central School
Electromagnetic Radiation at Astronomy Notes.
Wave Diffraction at University of Salford.
Development of the Periodic Table (A brief history) at Western Oregon University summarizes the major scientists involved in bringing us the Periodic Table.
WebElements is a very well-maintained site by Mark Winter that allows you to click on each element and find out much, much more about it. An excellent resource!
Superimposing atomic orbitals in an atom youtube video.
Atomic Orbitals that you can view and rotate (s,p,d,f and g!) at University of Minnesota-Duluth.
Hear about discovery of the elements and the periodic table in an amusing Radiolab episode.

Chemical Bonding
Ionic and Covalent Bonds with Lewis Dot structures and examples from Doc Brown's page.
Molecular Modelling by Cerpovicz et al. covers Lewis Dot structures, Formal Charges, VSEPR theory and Intermolecular Forces with simple visuals. The VSEPR section has nice pictures that correlate to molecular shape.
Linus Pauling: The Nature of the Chemical Bond, a brief historical sketch by Stephen Mason, King's College, London. Pauling combined the concepts of G.N. Lewis (who introduced Lewis Dot structures) with quantum mechanical concepts leading to the modern view of chemical bonds.
An Introduction to Molecular Orbital Theory (Dept of Chem, Queen Mary, Univ of London)
Molecular Orbital Theory on the Web (Bader's pages at McMaster)
Introduction to Line Structures
Bond Energies and Lengths: A nice pdf summary from a group at Texas A&M.

Gases, Liquids, Solids
Matter in Bulk from The Wired Chemistry has nice models/pictures of different types of solids (ionic, molecular, metallic) and even the three allotropes of carbon: diamond, graphite and fullerene.
Gases, Liquids, and Solids from GenChem help at Purdue has a quick summary page of the characteristics of gases, liquids and solids. They also have pictorial definitions for Elements, Compounds and Mixtures.
Change of State Animation at Florida State College.
Gas Law Animation at Oklahoma State.
Brownian Motion animation at AIP.
Kinetic Molecular Theory: Maxwell Distribution simulation at Davidson College.

Chemical Equations and Reactions
The Mole by ChemTeam explains the mole, how to calculate moles and masses, and includes miscellanous material such as the origin of the word "mole".
Balancing Chemical Equations (by New Traditions Project, University of Wisconsin-Madison) uses a simple pictorial molecular approach to learning how to balance equations. Note that the exercises use individual molecules, while chemical equations that we write typically refer to mole quantities of molecules.
Chemical Jigsaw is an alternative interesting way to learn about how to balance chemical reactions. Even has printable page and instructions for you to cut out your own jigsaw pieces.
The Drive to Make Things Happen from Oxford has some nice animations and explanations starting covering Free Energy, colligative properties and a large section on redox reactions.

Standard Energies and References
Wired Chemist Standard energies of formation and entropies of organic compounds.
NIST Chemistry WebBook: For all your thermodynamic data needs (also has spectra!)


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