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Hindu Nationalist Rally |
The emergence of Hindu nationalist politics has been an important feature of post-colonial India. Advocates of Hindutva ("Hindu-ness") seek to replace India's secular tradition with a state in which Hinduism and Hindu values are paramount. This movement came to international attention dramatically with the 1992 destruction of the Babri Masjid, a mosque in the pilgrimage town of Ayodhya purported to be built on the site of the birth of the Hindu Deity Rama. Associated with Hindu nationalism, and the aftermath of the partition of India and Pakistan at independence in 1947, has been communal conflict, pitting majority Hindus against Muslims, Sikhs, and Christians in riots and other kinds of inter-religious violence.
Web Resources
Hindu Nationalism
Clouds the Face of India (World Policy Journal)
Timeline: Ayodhya Crisis (BBC)
Gujarat Pogrom (Countercurrents.org)
Recent Communal Violence in Gujarat, India
(U.S. Commission on Religious Freedom)
Gujarat Officials Took
Part in Anti-Muslim Violence (Human Rights Watch)
Books and Articles
Allen, Douglas, ed. 1992. Religion and Political Conflict in South Asia: India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
Andersen, Walter K. and Shridhar D. Damle. 1987. The Brotherhood in Saffron: the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Hindu Revivalism. Boulder: Westview Press.
Baird, Robert D. 1989. Religion in Modern India. 2nd rev. ed. New Delhi: Manohar Publications.
Baird, Robert D. 1993. Religion and Law in Independent India. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers & Distributors.
Banerjee, Sikata. 2000. Warriors in Politics: Hindu Nationalism, Violence, and the Shiv Sena in India. Boulder and Oxford: Westview Press, 2000.
Basu, Amrita and Atul Kohli, eds. 1998. Community Conflicts and the State in India. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bhatt, Chetan. 2001. Hindu Nationalism: Origins, Ideologies, and Modern Myths. Oxford: Oxford International Publishers.
Brass, Paul R. 1994. The Politics of India since Independence. 2nd ed. The New Cambridge History of India IV.1 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brass, Paul R., ed. 1996. Riots and Pogroms. New York: New York University Press, 1996.
Dalmia, Vasudha and Heinrich von Stietencron. 1994. Representing Hinduism: The Construction of Religious Traditions and National Identity. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Das, Veena, ed. 1990. Mirrors of Violence: Communities, Riots and Survivors in South Asia. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Das, Veena. 1995. Critical Events: An Anthropological Perspective on Contemporary India. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Hansen, Thomas Blom. 1999. Saffron Wave: Democracy and Hindu Nationalism in Modern India. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Jaffrelot, Christophe. The Hindu Nationalism Movement in India.New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.
Juergensmeyer, Mark. 1993. The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Juergensmeyer, Mark. 2000. Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Kakar, Sudhir. 1996. The Colors of Violence: Cultural Identities, Religion, and Conflict. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
Katzenstein, Mary Fainsod. 1979. Ethnicity and Equality: the Shiv Sena Party and Preferential Policies in Bombay. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Kumar, Pramod, ed. 1992. Towards Understanding Communalism. Chandigarh: Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development.
Ludden, David. 1996. Contesting the Nation: Religion, Community, and the Politics of Democracy in India. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Madan, T. N. 1998. Modern Myths, Locked Minds: Secularism and Fundamentalism in India. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Malik, Yogendra K. and V. B. Singh. 1994. Hindu Nationalists in India: The Rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications.
McKean, Lise. 1996. Divine Enterprise: Gurus and the Hindu Nationalist Movement. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Pandey, Gyanendra. 1990. The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India. Oxford University Press.
Tambiah, Stanley J. 1996. Leveling Crowds: Ethonationalist Conflicts and Collective Violence in South Asia. Berkeley: University of California Press.
van der Veer, Peter. 1988. Gods on Earth: Religious Experience and Identity in Ayodhya. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
van der Veer, Peter. 1994. Religious Nationalism: Hindus and Muslims in India. Berkeley: University of California Press.
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Updated May 12, 2008 |
