ENVI 109                   Fall 2006                                 Study guide 3   Ch  11 - 14

Be able to define and use in appropriate context the following terms:

lithosphere                    crust                             mantle                          core
geologic time                relative dating               superposition                uniformitarianism
Cenozoic                      Mesozoic                     Paleozoic                      PreCambrian
lithospheric plates         plate boundaries           divergent                      convergent
transform                      mid ocean ridge            fracture zone                 oceanic trench             
volcanic arc                  subduction zone            hotspot                         seismic energy
P-waves                       S-waves                       reflection                      refraction
seismic discontinuity      asthenosphere               low velocity zone          isostatic adjustment
geomagnetic reversal     normal polarity              reversed polarity           silicate minerals
silicon-oxygen tetrahedra                                  non-silicate minerals
igneous rock                 plutonic rock                volcanic rock                magma modification
assimilation                   magma mixing               fractional crystallization
sedimentary rock          metamorphic rocks       oceanic crust                continental crust
geological structure       fault                              fold                              anticline
syncline                        normal fault                   reverse fault                  lateral fault
crustal deformation       elastic response            plastic deformation        brittle response
earthquake                   tensional stress              compressional stress     shear stress
Mercali Intensity Scale                                      Moment-Magnitude Scale (Richer Scale)
Orogenesis                   magmatic mountains      structural mountains      fault block mountains
erosional mountains       Himalayan Orogeny      Appalachian Orogeny hypsographic curve
shield                            platform                        sediment cover mountain belts
passive continental margin         active continental margin           continental accretion
Geomorphology            physical weathering        exfoliation         spheroidal weathering 
chemical weathering      dissolution                      oxidation          hydration & hydrolysis 
regolith                         soil horizons                    karst                 carbonate dissolution
cave formation              sink hole                       mass movement            slope angle
angle of repose             landslide                       rock fall                        slump
mudflow                       creep                           

 Be able to discuss the following concepts in a short phrase or recognize in a diagram

Rock cycle
Silicate magma composition, cooling history, the resulting igneous rock type
Bowen's Reaction Series (sequence of mineral crystallization in silicate magmas)
Weathering and soil formation
Why earthquakes occur
Why volcanoes occur

Be able to write a short essay
  1. Describe Plate Tectonic Theory and the evidence that supports the theory.
  2. Describe three types of lithospheric plate boundaries and the geologic processes thought to be responsible for each type.
  3. List and describe 3 geological processes that result in mountain belts