Dutch Harbor is located approximately 800 miles west of
Anchorage. It is part of Amaknak Island on Unalaska Bay. An
Army base and Naval operating base were under construction there in
1940 and were under the Alaskan Naval Sector which was part of the 13th
Naval District which was headquartered in Seattle, Wa. The first
American troops arrived at the facilities at Dutch Harbor during May of
1941. On 1 September 1941, the Naval Operating Base was
commissioned and 10 days later the Army Base which was named Fort
Mears. On 1 January 1943, Dutch Harbor Naval Operating Base was
commissioned to have ship repair facilities, fleet provisioning
facilities, submarine docking facilities, and air facilities.
Eventually, there would be 5,680 Navy personnel and 10,000 Army
personnel stationed at the Dutch Harbor facilities.
The personnel at the Dutch
Harbor facilities came upon the intelligence that Japan would attack
Dutch Harbor some time between the first and the tenth of June.
As it was, Rear Admiral Kakuta's Second Carrier Strike Force was
heading toward them. His strike force consisted of the aircraft
carriers Ryujo and Junyo, the heavy cruisers Takau and Maya, and
three destroyers. On 3 June, the Japanese dropped fourteen bombs
on Fort Mears. They managed to destroy five buildings and killed
25 soldiers, as well as wounding another 25. Their second air
strike accomplished nothing, but the third aerial bombardment
damaged the radio station and killed one sailor and one soldier.
The 4 June attack on Dutch Harbor consisted of 9 Japanese fighters, 11
dive bombers, and 6 level bombers. They destroyed four brand new
steel fuel tanks and 22,000 barrels of oil. 43 Americans were
killed . However, 8 P-40's from a secret air base at Umnak shot
down 4 Val dive bombers and one zero. The U.S. lost a handful of
Army aircraft and 6 PBY Catalinas, whereas the Japanese reported a
total loss of 11 airplanes. At the peak of preparedness, Dutch
Harbor boasted 10 Catalinas, and 10 S-boats (in Unalaska Bay).
During all of the war patrols which were based out of Dutch
Harbor, there were only four enemy casualties which were Japanese
Merchant Ships.