University of San Diego

Spring 2004

TRS 170 Gender Religion in the U.S.

Evelyn A. Kirkley



Sapiro, "Women & Religion"

Clifford, "The 'Why' & 'What' of Christian Feminist Theology"

Mowrey, "The Accommodating Other"

Smith, "Fear & Power in the Lives of Men"



I. Critical analysis:

1. What are the arguments of these articles?



2. What is their target audience, organization, & methodology?



3. What are the strengths & weaknesses of these articles?



4. What are the similarities & differences between their arguments?



II. *ID terms (some also on intro outline):

Separate spheres ideology

Women's spirituality movement

"Cult of True Womanhood"

Feminism

Second -wave feminisms

Third-wave feminisms

Sexism

Patriarchy

Androcentrism

Womanist

Mujerista

Feminist theology

Revolutionary feminist theology

Reformist Christian feminist theology

Reconstructionist Christian fem. theology

Accommodating other

Stressed masculinity

Toxic masculinity III. Discussion questions:

a. Do you conceive of God as having masculine &/or feminine qualities? If so, what are they? What language do you generally hear/use in referring to God? How do you feel about inclusive language for deity?



b. How do you respond to Sapiro's discussion of the virgin/whore dichotomy? How is it accurate/not in your experience?



c. How do you respond to Sapiro's discussion of "separate spheres ideology"? How is it accurate/not in your experience?



d. In your experience, what is the connection between religion, gender, & sexual morality? For example, are women expected to encourage or discourage sexual advances?



e. In your experience, are women generally more nurturing/emotional than men? Why is that stereotype accurate/inaccurate?



f. How does patriarchy/androcentrism impact men?



g. Would you call yourself a feminist? Why/why not? How do you define feminism?



h. Are you drawn to Clifford's definitions/types of second- & third-wave feminisms (liberal, cultural, ecofeminist, womanist, etc.)? If so, which one(s) & why? Are you drawn to her definitions/types of feminist theology? If so, which one(s) & why?



i. How have you been privileged by being male/female? How have you been disadvantaged by being male/female?



j. When you hear a "blonde joke," how do you react? How do you respond to Mowrey's analysis?



k. Do you agree/disagree with Mowrey's claim that women's increased freedom of sexual expression is not empowering but oppressive, increasing men's access to women's bodies? Why?



l. How do you respond to Mowrey's challenge to "reject the dominant stereotype for femininity"(126) & by extension, masculinity? What would that rejection look like?



m. How do you respond to Smith's claim that men are "powerful-yet lonely, vulnerable, sick, homeless, & dead"(7)? How is that accurate/not in your experience?



n. In your experience, are most men socialized into "stressed masculinity"? What does that look like for men you know?

a. Do you conceive of God as having masculine &/or feminine qualities? If so, what are they? What language do you generally hear/use in referring to God? How do you feel about inclusive language for deity?





b. How do you respond to Sapiro's discussion of the virgin/whore dichotomy? How is it accurate/not in your experience?





c. How do you respond to Sapiro's discussion of "separate spheres ideology"? How is it accurate/not in your experience?





d. In your experience, what is the connection between religion, gender, & sexual morality? For example, are women expected to encourage or discourage sexual advances?





e. In your experience, are women generally more nurturing/emotional than men? Why is that stereotype accurate/inaccurate?





f. How does patriarchy/androcentrism impact men?





g. Would you call yourself a feminist? Why/why not? How do you define feminism?





h. Are you drawn to Clifford's definitions/types of second- & third-wave feminisms (liberal, cultural, ecofeminist, womanist, etc.)? If so, which one(s) & why? Are you drawn to her definitions/types of feminist theology? If so, which one(s) & why?





i. How have you been privileged by being male/female? How have you been disadvantaged by being male/female?





j. When you hear a "blonde joke," how do you react? How do you respond to Mowrey's analysis?





k. Do you agree/disagree with Mowrey's claim that women's increased freedom of sexual expression is not empowering but oppressive, increasing men's access to women's bodies? Why?





l. How do you respond to Mowrey's challenge to "reject the dominant stereotype for femininity"(126) & by extension, masculinity? What would that rejection look like?





m. How do you respond to Smith's claim that men are "powerful-yet lonely, vulnerable, sick, homeless, & dead"(7)? How is that accurate/not in your experience?





n. In your experience, are most men socialized into "stressed masculinity"? What does that look like for men you know?