"The Chemists War"

Usage of Chemical Weapons Throughout WW1:

   The use of chemical weapons in WW1 was extensive to say the least killing thousands upon thousands of people and injuring even more. Some historians in chemistry refer to the war as the "Chemists War" referring to the massive chemistry involved in creating and mass producing the chemical weapons. Many chemists were trying to create newer and better weapons to be used against the enemy. America was not outside of this frenzy, the actual majority of researchers out of the 1,580 supposed Degree awarded chemists creating weapons approximately 1,200 were American. The Americans had by far the majority of technical scientists developing chemical weapons. In Germany approximately 150 technical scientists and another 1,850 unqualified people were developing weapons. The Germans developed sections for research in the development of chemical weapons they ranged from respirators, masks, shells and chemicals.



Haber Image Map
Fritz Haber (Haber pg. 130)
Map of WW1 Chemical
Attack Sites (SES)



Table of Gas Usage During the War
Name First use Type Used by
Chlorine 1915 Irritant/Lung Both
Phosgene 1915 Irritant/Skin and mucous membranes, corrosive, toxic Both
Chloromethyl chloroformate 1915 Irritant/Eyes, skin, lungs Both
Trichloromethyl chloroformate 1916 Severe irritant, causes burns Both
Chloropicrin 1916 Irritant, lachrymatory, toxic Both
Stannic chloride 1916 Severe irritant, causes burns Allied
a-Chlorotoluene (Benzyl chloride) 1917 Irritant, lachrymatory German
Bis(chloromethyl) ether (Dichloromethyl ether) 1918 Irritant, can blur vision German
Diphenylchloroarsine (Diphenyl chlorasine) 1917 Irritant/Sternutatory German
Ethyldichloroarsine 1918 Vesicant German
N-Ethylcarbazole 1918 Irritant German
Benzyl bromide 1915 Lachrymatory German
Ethyl iodoacetate 1916 Lachrymatory Allied
Bromoacetone 1916 Lachrymatory, irritant Both
Bromomethyl ethyl ketone 1916 Irritant/Skin, eyes German
Acrolein 1916 Lachrymatory, toxic Allied
Hydrocyanic acid
1916 Paralysing Allied
Hydrogen sulfide
1916 Irritant, toxic Allied
Mustard Gas
1917
Vescant (Blister)
Both
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