Philosophy 10 -- Study Guide #2

1. Explain (carefully) in your own words the difference between ideas and qualities.
   
   
2. Explain (very carefully) the difference between primary and secondary qualities. What makes all primary qualities different from all secondary qualities? How is this distinction supposed to help us know something about what is real?
   
   
3. How are the ideas of primary and secondary qualities caused?
   
   
4. What does Locke mean when he says that a fire does not actually contain warmth? How does he argue for this claim?
   
   
5. How does Locke explain the fact that people mistakenly assume that their ideas of objects always resemble the objects themselves?
   
   
6. What is the "skepticism" that Hylas and Philonous accuse each other of believing?
   
   
7. Explain in your own words what "sensible things" means for Philonous.
   
   
8. How do Hylas and Philonous differ on the question of what qualifies something as real?
   
   
9. How does Philonous argue that heat cannot exist outside the mind?
   
   
10. Summarize Philonous' arguments about whether taste and color can exist outside the mind.
    
    
11. Summarize Philonous' arguments about whether size and shape (extension and figure) can exist outside the mind.
    
    
12. What is a "material substratum", why does Hylas think one is necessary, and how does Philonous argue against its existence?
    
    
13. How does Philonous argue against the claim that our ideas are copies of external objects?
    
    
14. How does Philonous answer Hylas' charge that he is as much a skeptic as Hylas is?
    
    
15. Why does Philonous believe that sensible things must exist in an infinite Spirit?
    
    
16. How does Philonous prove that God must exist?
    
    
17. How is Philonous' proof of God's existence different from most others?
    
    
18. What does Philonous conclude must be the source of his sensations? How does he arrive at this conclusion?
    
    
19. Why must Philonous admit that he can have no idea of God, or of his own mind? Why is this not a problem for him?
    
    
20. If everything is an idea, what distinguishes real things from illusions or imagination?
    
    
21. According to Philonous, when you look at a book you are holding, is the book that you see the same as the book that you feel? If not, why do we call them by the same name?
    
    
22. Does Philonous think that two people can see the same thing? Why or why not?