Philosophy 10 -- Study Guide #3

1. What is the "inconsistent tetrad" of which Campbell speaks, and what makes it inconsistent?
   
   
2. Are light and magnetism spiritual or material, according to Campbell? Why?
   
   
3. What are "intentional states" and why are they important to the understanding of spirit? What are some problems with defining spirit as that which has intentional states?
   
   
4. What are the reasons for believing that the mind is not material? Pay particular attention to the category and mental-object arguments.
   
   
5. Summarize the objections to the idea of spirit. Explain the problems of correlation, individuation, evolution and growth.
   
   
6. What are the two types of parallelism, what are the problems with them, and how do they differ from interactionism?
   
   
7. What is physicalism? How is the example of Fred supposed to prove that it is wrong?
   
   
8. How does the example of Mary differ from the example of Fred in the way it disproves physicalism?
   
   
9. How does Jackson defend epiphenomenalism from the claim that qualia must cause physical actions?
   
   
10. Describe the identity thesis in your own words.
    
    
11. How does Carruthers refute Descartes' argument against the identity of mind and body?
    
    
12. How does Carruthers respond to Jackson's knowledge argument? Does he successfully refute the Fred example?
    
    
13. What is Carruthers' ultimate response to the claim that, because thoughts cannot have location, the identity thesis must be false?
    
    
14. Explain the difference between numerical identity and specific identity. Which kind do we refer to when talking about personal identity?
    
    
15. Describe the two problems with Hume's skepticism about personal identity that Penelhum points out.
    
    
16. What are the two problems with basing personal identity on a spiritual substance?
    
    
17. What advantages does bodily continuity have over spiritual substance in determining personal identity?
    
    
18. Explain the memory criterion for personal identity. What are its advantages?
    
    
19. Summarize, in your own words, Penelhum's two arguments against the memory criterion for personal identity.
    
    
20. Summarize the arguments for personal survival of the body's death. Explain how Penelhum criticizes each one.
    
    
21. Exactly what is it that the dying Weirob demands of Miller, that she might be comforted?
    
    
22. Explain in your own words Weirob's standard of "anticipation", why it is important for the issue of personal survival, and why an exact duplicate cannot satisfy it.
    
    
23. How does Miller argue that we know of the identity of a soul? How does Weirob respond?
    
    
24. How does Weirob respond to the claim that similarity of psychological characteristics correlates with sameness of soul?
    
    
25. How does Miller argue for the claim that personal identity can't always be a matter of bodily identity? How does Weirob respond?
    
    
26. Why is it important to establish the difference between really remembering and seeming to remember? What is the difficulty in doing so?
    
    
27. Explain how Cohen's argument about the cause of memory is supposed to solve the problem of how memory can make personal survival possible.
    
    
28. Why does Weirob deny that a person created after her death with a duplicate of her brain would be her?
    
    
29. Who does Weirob say would be the survivor of a brain transplant, and why?