Author: Stephen Langton (c. 1155/56 - d. 9 July, 1228)Paris, 1180s?-1206

Dating: Baldwin, I: 26 dates Langton's career in Paris from the ll80's up until his call to Rome by Innocent III and subsequent election to the Archbishopric of Canterbury in 1206. The first secure date for his work is 1193 since the date of the lecture is given (Lacombe, "Studies," 23). See, however, Baldwin, I: 30, "From internal evidence the earliest secure dates which can be assigned to his lectures are between 1187 and 1193. Normally one would expect Stephen to have ceased writing by 1206, the year he left the schools, but it should be remembered that he was forced into retirement at Pontigny from 1207 to 1213, and from 1216 to 1218 at some unknown place on the Continent, where he was free to write. There is no guarantee, therefore, that he did not continue to revise works begun at Paris."


Works:

Biblical commentaries: Langton lectured on every book of the bible except Psalms. Often several versions of a commentary exist. Hundreds of medieval manuscripts of these lectures are known. (Baldwin, I: 29). For the most comprehensive lists of these works, see Lacombe and Smalley and Stegmüller, Repertorium biblicum, 5, nos. 7704-7939.

Commentarius in sententias: edited by Artur Michael Landgraf, Der Sentenzendommentar des Kardinals Stephan Langton. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie und Theologie des Mittelalters: Text und Untersuchungen, vol. 37, no. 1. Aschendorff: Münster, 1952.

Questiones: Baldwin II:19 "The collections of Langton's questiones may be divided into two different traditions characterized by three traits: (1) both traditions possess a common core of questiones which are textually identical; (2) both possess questiones which treat the same subjects but with differing versions; (3) each tradition has questiones not found in the others."
Tradition I: MS Paris BN 14556, fols. 164ra-266ra; MS Chartes 430, fols. 3-154 (manuscript now destroyed)
Tradition II MS Paris BN 16385, fols. 1-117; MS Vatican Lat. 4297; MS Avranches 230; MA Arras 965 (mutilated)
MS Cambridge , St. John's College C.7 (57), fols. 147r1-346v combines the principal elements of the two traditions.
NB: There is thorough discussion of and lists of the questiones discussed by Langton in the works by Powicke, Lacombe, Landgraf, Antl, and Gregory listed in the bibliography.

Bibliography:

D.M. Smith, "Langton, Stephen," LMA 5 (1991): 1703-4.
Bryce Lyon, "Langton, Stephen," DMA 7 (1986): 337-8
Landgraf, Introduction, pp. 167-172.
John Balwin, Masters, Princes and Merchants: The social Views of Peter the Chanter and His Circle, 2 vols., Princeton, 1970, I: 19-25 Phyllis Roberts, Studies in the Sermons of Stephen Langton, Studies and Texts, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, vol. 16, Toronto, 1968. Fredrick Powicke, Stephen Langton, (London, 1965)
L. Antl, "An Introduction to the Quaestiones theologicae of Stephen Lanton, Franciscan Studies, 12 (1952), 151-175.
George Lacombe, "The Questiones of Cardinal Stephen Langton. Part I, " The New Scholasticism, 3 (1929), 1-8.
George Lacombe and Arthur Landgraf, "The Questiones of Cardinal Stephen Langton. Part II, " The New Scholasticism, 3 (1929), 113-158.
George Lacombe and Arthur Landgraf, "The Questiones of Cardinal Stephen Langton. Part III, " The New Scholasticism, 4 (1930), 115-164.
Alys Gregory, "Indices of Rubrics and Incipits of the Principal Manuscripts of the Questiones of Stephen Langton," Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du moyen âge, 5 (1930) 221-266.
George Lacombe, "Sudies on the Commentaries of Cardinal Stephen Langton, Part I" Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du moyen âge, 5 (1930) 5-151.
Beryl Smalley, "Sudies on the Commentaries of Cardinal Stephen Langton, Part II," Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du moyen âge, 5 (1930) 152-182.
George Lacombe and Beryl Smalley, "Indices," Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du moyen âge, 5 (1930) 183-220
Stegmüller, 5 (1955): 232-302
Schneyer, 5 (1973): 466-507